Dataset live · 2001–2025
Open Halalan is the largest open-source dataset of Philippine national and local election results. Every winner since 2001, every vote count since 2016, free for anyone and everyone.
Tally board · running count
Live counts from data/output/ as of the last dataset build.
About the project
Researching the Philippines is hard. Finding the data doesn't have to be. OpenHalalan started as a byproduct of an undergraduate thesis on Philippine political dynasties. It's non-partisan, volunteer-run, and independent: no party, campaign, or government office funds or controls it. One bundled, citable dataset covering every winning candidate for seven local & district offices since 2001, plus full candidate-level vote counts since 2016, winners and losers alike.
Dynasties
Each jurisdiction is shaded by the share of its winning candidates who belong to a political family: one surname holding more than one seat. Click a province to see its municipalities, or any place to see the families.
Thin · sunud-sunod
Succession over time. The family holds a seat across different years, e.g. a mayor is succeeded by a sibling, a spouse, or a child.
Fat · sabay-sabay
Concurrent office-holding. The family holds two or more seats in the same place in the same year, e.g. the mayor and vice-mayor are brothers.
Philippines · provinces
Loading the families…
Hover a place for its dynastic share. Click to see the families.
Dynastic measures describe surname and middle-name co-occurrence in office. Many Filipino surnames are common (e.g. Cruz). We cannot always separate coincidental surnames from real kinship. The map defaults to surname-only matching, the more conservative reading; the toggle adds middle-name links, which capture marriage and maternal ties. Name matching may be inaccurate. No attribution of wrongdoing is intended. Every level — municipalities, provinces and regions — covers 2001 to 2025. See Data quality.
Map
Every city and municipality that reported a ballot from 2010 to 2025, 1,642 in all, joined to their boundaries on PSGC code rather than on name. Click a province to go in, then a municipality to read its full tally.
Pick a region to compare its provinces; pick a province to compare its cities and municipalities. Clicking the map does the same thing.
Philippines
Loading the boundaries…
Hover a municipality to see who led it. Click for the full tally.
The map places votes by locality. Overseas votes, which have no locality, are counted in the dataset but not shown here. See Data quality.
Explore
Every winner in the dataset, 139,843 rows across 8 cycles. National races are summed from the ballots and shown as "Nationwide". Vote totals exist only for the ballot-backed cycles (2016 on); earlier ones show an em dash. See Data quality.
Top five parties by seats won, by cycle since 2016. Follows the filters above (year aside).
Share of winning seats with no party affiliation, by cycle.
| Year | Position | Region | Province | Candidate | Party | Votes |
|---|
Loading the dataset…
Click a column header to sort. Winners only. Full candidate-level vote counts, including losers, are in the raw file.
Research
WORKING PAPER · arXiv:2505.21280
Acuna, R., Alejandro, A., & Leung, R. (2025). Graph-theoretic metrics for clan structure applied to the same election data, testing whether structure, not just dynasty presence, drives development outcomes.
Wrote an article using our data? Cited our work in your thesis? Send it in — and with your permission, we'd love to feature it here!
Get in touch →With thanks. The 2010 municipal results were shared from the Ianmaps Election Bank, compiled by Ian (@ian_maps) and Joseph Ricafort (@josephricafort).
Data quality
Spot something else? See the audit log or let us know.
Access
Full commit history, the raw COMELEC scrapes, and the one-command pipeline (python run_all.py). Fork it, file a correction, or open an issue.
Two files, straight to your machine. They mirror the latest version on GitHub, so every fix and every new cycle lands here automatically — no navigating the repo.
Prefer a frozen, citable snapshot? Use the Zenodo archive.
Leung, R., Alejandro, A., Acuna, R., Buot, J., Go, C., & Nable, J. (2026).
OpenHalalan: The Philippine National and Local Election Dataset
[Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17783099
Licensed under the Open Database License (ODbL) v1.0. Field-level definitions: winners · vote counts.
Notes
Field notes on the scrape, the audit, and the fixes go here once the blog is wired up. Nothing is published yet. Check the repo for progress in the meantime.